Extruded EPDM 4-TPI Sawtooth Mat Redesign
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- dragline
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Extruded EPDM 4-TPI Sawtooth Mat Redesign
Greetings!
As some of the previous Alaska Gold Forum users may recall, back in 2012 I designed and commissioned the manufacture of an Extruded EPDM 4-TPI (Teeth Per Inch) mat. I had contracted an EPDM extrusion manufacturer in Ohio to produce 750 pounds of the mat you see in the photo below.
I believe that after the losses associated with the beginning run wasted EPDM raw material I netted close to 1,000 linear feet at the 6 inch extrusion width and an with an overall thickness of 3/16 inch. Presently, my inventory is down to about 20 linear feet of this 6 inch extrusion, i.e. I've sold off approximately 98% of my initial inventory and expect to run out of this extruded EPDM Mat in a matter of a week or two at most.
Above you'll see this 4-TPI Sawtooth mat holding some fine Oregon Coast beach gold. The mat performs extremely well and with the majority of my sales going to beach miners located around the world that are retrofitting the stock Vortex Mat with their Gold Cubes or designing and building their own custom beach mining sluices (and as well as a few milled gold ore hard rock mines that employ my 4-TPI mat commercially).
Initially, sales were very slow owing to the fact that I did very little (basically nothing) to promote this EPDM extruded mat other than give away a few samples to various miners requesting they test the mat in their systems and give me detailed feedback. This effort was by in large a complete failure given that the vast majority of recreational placer gold miners couldn't design, set up, configure and run a beach gold sluice if their life depended on it. From my experience there really are only a handful of beach gold miners that have the experience and knowledge to design, build and operate such an critically unique thing as a beach gold sluice and very interestingly, most if not all of the world's successful beach gold miners have at one time or another hung out and shared their ideas and experiences here on Alaska Gold Forum.
Everything changed about a couple years ago as the popularity of the Gold Cube continued to increase and word got out about my Sawtooth mat design being so much more efficient and effective at capturing the extremely fine beach gold (thanks mostly to Washington Beach Mining, i.e. Rob Roy). It turned out that the design of the Gold Cube removed the vast majority of the issues and problems that beach gold miners encounter when setting up their sluices and the 4-TPI EPDM mat I had manufactured seemed to be optimally adapted for the Gold Cube when capturing extremely fine gold. I believe that in large part the successful Gold Cube design was due to the adaptation of the boil box designs that in large part had been used and promoted by an Alaska Gold Forum member, Trevor (New Zealand).
As you can see from the engineering drawing of the 4-TPI Sawtooth Mat above, the design is quite simple as contrasted with the designs of the market dominating EPDM extruded mats sold by one of my competitors.
But times do have a habit of changing. When I contacted my Ohio EPDM Extrusion manufacturer last month to order another production run I was disappointed to learn that the cost of EPDM as a raw material had more than doubled in the last 6 years which got me to thinking about alternative materials.
As most of you are already aware, EPDM isn't actually a very good material for gold sluicing in terms of it's abrasion resistance.
From the above polymer Abrasion Resistance chart the obviously superior material for sluice mat designs would be UHMW-PE which is about 20 times more slurry abrasion resistant than the very popular EPDM employed for my and many other more popular mats. So after contacting a few UHMW-PE extrusion manufacturers I was basically told that the extruded UHMW-PE mat that I wanted either couldn't be done or if it could be done it'd be prohibitively expensive to manufacture.
But not to be dissuaded from a challenge I have embarked on an engineering effort to design, assemble and operate the UHMW-PE extrusion equipment I'd need to produce my 4-TPI Sawtooth mat here at my home 24'x36' shop. Seeing that none of the experts I spoke with thought my price point was achievable, my efforts will more than likely fail miserably. Nonetheless I have begun building the UHMW-PE extrusion tooling to produce my 4-TPI Sawtooth Mat and whether I succeed or fail miserably I'll keep you posted.
In fact, I have a local machine shop machining up the last few parts of the massive 303 stainless steel extrusion tooling assembly I'll need to prove whether or not my designs are going to work.
For my next generation 4-TPI UHMW-PE extrusion tooling design I have chosen to eliminate as much unnecessary bulk and weight as possible so as to, hopefully, produce the most economical UHMW-PE extrusion practical. Compared to my 4-TPI EPDM extrusion which weighed about 16 ounces per square foot, my UHMW-PE mat will be much lighter at just 6.56 ounces per square foot (a 59% reduction in weight) which will translate to a raw material cost on par with a bulkier EPDM extrusion but with 20 times better abrasion resistance. One of the key considerations regarding market potential for the 20 times improved abrasion resistance of a UHMW-PE mat involves the commercial applications with continuous 24/7 mining operations where operating costs, maintenance and the downtime and frequency of installing replacement parts are critical factors.
I'll keep you posted (assuming you're interested).
dragline
As some of the previous Alaska Gold Forum users may recall, back in 2012 I designed and commissioned the manufacture of an Extruded EPDM 4-TPI (Teeth Per Inch) mat. I had contracted an EPDM extrusion manufacturer in Ohio to produce 750 pounds of the mat you see in the photo below.
I believe that after the losses associated with the beginning run wasted EPDM raw material I netted close to 1,000 linear feet at the 6 inch extrusion width and an with an overall thickness of 3/16 inch. Presently, my inventory is down to about 20 linear feet of this 6 inch extrusion, i.e. I've sold off approximately 98% of my initial inventory and expect to run out of this extruded EPDM Mat in a matter of a week or two at most.
Above you'll see this 4-TPI Sawtooth mat holding some fine Oregon Coast beach gold. The mat performs extremely well and with the majority of my sales going to beach miners located around the world that are retrofitting the stock Vortex Mat with their Gold Cubes or designing and building their own custom beach mining sluices (and as well as a few milled gold ore hard rock mines that employ my 4-TPI mat commercially).
Initially, sales were very slow owing to the fact that I did very little (basically nothing) to promote this EPDM extruded mat other than give away a few samples to various miners requesting they test the mat in their systems and give me detailed feedback. This effort was by in large a complete failure given that the vast majority of recreational placer gold miners couldn't design, set up, configure and run a beach gold sluice if their life depended on it. From my experience there really are only a handful of beach gold miners that have the experience and knowledge to design, build and operate such an critically unique thing as a beach gold sluice and very interestingly, most if not all of the world's successful beach gold miners have at one time or another hung out and shared their ideas and experiences here on Alaska Gold Forum.
Everything changed about a couple years ago as the popularity of the Gold Cube continued to increase and word got out about my Sawtooth mat design being so much more efficient and effective at capturing the extremely fine beach gold (thanks mostly to Washington Beach Mining, i.e. Rob Roy). It turned out that the design of the Gold Cube removed the vast majority of the issues and problems that beach gold miners encounter when setting up their sluices and the 4-TPI EPDM mat I had manufactured seemed to be optimally adapted for the Gold Cube when capturing extremely fine gold. I believe that in large part the successful Gold Cube design was due to the adaptation of the boil box designs that in large part had been used and promoted by an Alaska Gold Forum member, Trevor (New Zealand).
As you can see from the engineering drawing of the 4-TPI Sawtooth Mat above, the design is quite simple as contrasted with the designs of the market dominating EPDM extruded mats sold by one of my competitors.
But times do have a habit of changing. When I contacted my Ohio EPDM Extrusion manufacturer last month to order another production run I was disappointed to learn that the cost of EPDM as a raw material had more than doubled in the last 6 years which got me to thinking about alternative materials.
As most of you are already aware, EPDM isn't actually a very good material for gold sluicing in terms of it's abrasion resistance.
From the above polymer Abrasion Resistance chart the obviously superior material for sluice mat designs would be UHMW-PE which is about 20 times more slurry abrasion resistant than the very popular EPDM employed for my and many other more popular mats. So after contacting a few UHMW-PE extrusion manufacturers I was basically told that the extruded UHMW-PE mat that I wanted either couldn't be done or if it could be done it'd be prohibitively expensive to manufacture.
But not to be dissuaded from a challenge I have embarked on an engineering effort to design, assemble and operate the UHMW-PE extrusion equipment I'd need to produce my 4-TPI Sawtooth mat here at my home 24'x36' shop. Seeing that none of the experts I spoke with thought my price point was achievable, my efforts will more than likely fail miserably. Nonetheless I have begun building the UHMW-PE extrusion tooling to produce my 4-TPI Sawtooth Mat and whether I succeed or fail miserably I'll keep you posted.
In fact, I have a local machine shop machining up the last few parts of the massive 303 stainless steel extrusion tooling assembly I'll need to prove whether or not my designs are going to work.
For my next generation 4-TPI UHMW-PE extrusion tooling design I have chosen to eliminate as much unnecessary bulk and weight as possible so as to, hopefully, produce the most economical UHMW-PE extrusion practical. Compared to my 4-TPI EPDM extrusion which weighed about 16 ounces per square foot, my UHMW-PE mat will be much lighter at just 6.56 ounces per square foot (a 59% reduction in weight) which will translate to a raw material cost on par with a bulkier EPDM extrusion but with 20 times better abrasion resistance. One of the key considerations regarding market potential for the 20 times improved abrasion resistance of a UHMW-PE mat involves the commercial applications with continuous 24/7 mining operations where operating costs, maintenance and the downtime and frequency of installing replacement parts are critical factors.
I'll keep you posted (assuming you're interested).
dragline
- Jim_Alaska
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Re: Extruded EPDM 4-TPI Sawtooth Mat Redesign
Nice post Dragline. I do remember you posting about this back in the day. Looking forward to any more new info you may have to share.
Jim_Alaska
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Re: Extruded EPDM 4-TPI Sawtooth Mat Redesign
Nice work, dragline. I wish you all the best with the new material experiment.
UHMW is the cats "bee-hind" , and what all other materials have to live up to with regard to abrasion resistance.
Keep us all informed of your progress...looking forward to it.
Beav
UHMW is the cats "bee-hind" , and what all other materials have to live up to with regard to abrasion resistance.
Keep us all informed of your progress...looking forward to it.
Beav
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Re: Extruded EPDM 4-TPI Sawtooth Mat Redesign
Just read this, thanks for the update and that was a very high quality post.
- dragline
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Re: Extruded EPDM 4-TPI Sawtooth Mat Redesign
27-Dec-2018 update: I've completed the extrusion tooling for the 4-TPI UHMW-PE Sawtooth mat and everything looks good. However, I haven't as yet acquired the bulk UHMW-PE raw materials and I'm not sure when I'll get around to getting that on order. When I do I'll let you know and keep you informed about my progress working thru the manufacturing processes needed to hopefully make that extrusion tooling produce an acceptable product. I still don't have a great deal of confidence that I can make it work but time will tell.
In the mean time, having run out of inventory on my 4-TPI EPDM Sawtooth mat, and having had my ear bent on several occasions from distributors and buyers for this mat, I went ahead a placed another order from my Ohio based EPDM extrusion manufacturer. However, with this order I added two new Sawtooth mat configurations, an 8-TPI and 16-TPI EPDM Sawtooth mat (TPI = Teeth Per Inch). I believe that the finer geometries of these 8-TPI and 16-TPI are somewhat interesting because I don't believe I've seen any gold recovery mats attempted as yet with such small geometries. Granted, these finer geometries probably would not be appropriate for most coarse gold recovery systems. However, for fine or extremely fine gold recovery such smaller geometries may prove advantageous, i.e. more efficient than other similar gravitational recovery technologies. Of course the proof of concept regarding these finer geometries will have to wait for validation via experimental testing.
One significant difference with this latest manufacturing run involves the fact that with the three different Sawtooth mats I've significantly increased the tonnage of the EPDM being extruded and thereby decreased the cost of producing my Sawtooth mats per unit (i.e. per linear foot at 6" wide or per square foot of mat).
Given that my 4-TPI mat as proven to be superior to any other mat tested at capturing extremely fine gold, my hope is that the new 8-TPI and 16-TPI mats may find specific use cases (i.e. equipment with meticulously controlled configurations) achieving very high recover rates in the range of 200 to 400 mesh. The new 8-TPI and 16-TPI mats should be arriving lat January or early February 2018. I'll keep you posted.
dragline
In the mean time, having run out of inventory on my 4-TPI EPDM Sawtooth mat, and having had my ear bent on several occasions from distributors and buyers for this mat, I went ahead a placed another order from my Ohio based EPDM extrusion manufacturer. However, with this order I added two new Sawtooth mat configurations, an 8-TPI and 16-TPI EPDM Sawtooth mat (TPI = Teeth Per Inch). I believe that the finer geometries of these 8-TPI and 16-TPI are somewhat interesting because I don't believe I've seen any gold recovery mats attempted as yet with such small geometries. Granted, these finer geometries probably would not be appropriate for most coarse gold recovery systems. However, for fine or extremely fine gold recovery such smaller geometries may prove advantageous, i.e. more efficient than other similar gravitational recovery technologies. Of course the proof of concept regarding these finer geometries will have to wait for validation via experimental testing.
One significant difference with this latest manufacturing run involves the fact that with the three different Sawtooth mats I've significantly increased the tonnage of the EPDM being extruded and thereby decreased the cost of producing my Sawtooth mats per unit (i.e. per linear foot at 6" wide or per square foot of mat).
Given that my 4-TPI mat as proven to be superior to any other mat tested at capturing extremely fine gold, my hope is that the new 8-TPI and 16-TPI mats may find specific use cases (i.e. equipment with meticulously controlled configurations) achieving very high recover rates in the range of 200 to 400 mesh. The new 8-TPI and 16-TPI mats should be arriving lat January or early February 2018. I'll keep you posted.
dragline
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Re: Extruded EPDM 4-TPI Sawtooth Mat Redesign
dragline,
What are the dynamics of screening, water flow, and capacity for 200 to 400 mesh?
What CAD package do you use? Looks good!
- Geowizard
What are the dynamics of screening, water flow, and capacity for 200 to 400 mesh?
What CAD package do you use? Looks good!
- Geowizard
- dragline
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Re: Extruded EPDM 4-TPI Sawtooth Mat Redesign
Geowizard,
Regarding screening, you've touched on one of the most important requirements necessary for extreme fine gold recovery. What a nightmare I had with my 4-TPI Sawtooth mat when I first manufactured back in 2012. The Sawtooth mat was performing extremely well for me but passing out samples to miners for confirmation of my testing results at first did absolutely no good whatsoever. As you're very likely aware, the vast majority of placer gold miners don't understand and don't have the experience necessary for the recovery of extreme fine gold. The main reason for this issue involves the fact that extreme fine gold in alluvial placers is very rare. Actually, it's probably not as rare as the miners that know how to recover it.
For the 4-TPI Sawtooth mat best results are obtained when screen to 1/4 or 1/8th minus, depending upon the lower limits on the size of your gold. Interestingly, the 1/8th screen size also happens to be the recommended screen for the Gold Cube and for miners using my 4-TPI Sawtooth mat in their Gold Cubes very quickly figured out that it resulted in significantly greater recovery for 100 mesh minus gold, the same gold mesh size as is commonly found on the gold beach sands of Oregon and Washington States. For a lot of gold beach placers screening is unnecessary because larger gravels are completely absent from the black mineral sands being processed. But to answer your question more completely, I'd recommend screening down to 3/32" for the 8-TPI and 1/16" for the 16-TPI Sawtooth mats if you're dealing with milled ores or mineral sand concentrates.
When it comes to extreme fine gold, the reason why screening is so important is because as the larger pebbles and rocks are traveling down the mat the eddies and jets surrounding and flowing around the tumbling pebbles or rocks scour much of the sequestered gold that was previously captured. Running gravel and rocks down a Sawtooth mat, given the very small geometry of the riffles, is like forcing a scrub brush down the mat with the bristles forced deeply into the crevices of the riffles. By not screening properly you'd force any captured gold right back up into the slurry with every passing pebble and a significant percentage of the gold will eventually travel to tails.
Properly screening down to 1/8th for the 4-TPI, or down to 1/16th for the 16-TPI, will allow the miner to reduce the flow (GPH) thru the sluice while maintaining adequate clearing of the Sawtooth riffles. The key concept involved in using a sluice for extreme fine gold recovery is "laminar flow." The better the miner is able to establish and maintain laminar flow as close as possible to the tips of the riffles the better the capture rate will be for extremely fine gold. Using the Sawtooth mat with a Gold Cube removes many of the variables that might otherwise result in increased turbulence and when used properly can help control other variables that optimize recovery. Is the Gold Cube with Sawtooth mat perfect for extreme fine gold recovery? Nope, not even close. But for the average gold miner dealing with extreme fine gold down to about 250 mesh it's a very easy to set up and run with reasonable recovery efficiencies.
For even finer gold between 250 and 400 mesh I don't as yet have adequate testing results to make any solid claims or recommendations. While I've seen the 4-TPI capture what appears to be reasonable amounts of 400 mesh minus gold, as to how efficient it might be I can't say without more testing and something to compare it to. I am hopeful that the 16-TPI Sawtooth mat will give me and my network of users more testing data to refine my recommendations and as reports come in I'll be posting those here along with any feedback and findings I might also receive.
For the simple 2D illustrations you see posted here I use Draftsight, a free open source program. Professionally I used AutoCad for 20 years then switched to Solidworks with Cosmos (finite element analysis) for another 10 years, although I haven't done anything close to mechanical engineering design for a decade or more.
dragline
Regarding screening, you've touched on one of the most important requirements necessary for extreme fine gold recovery. What a nightmare I had with my 4-TPI Sawtooth mat when I first manufactured back in 2012. The Sawtooth mat was performing extremely well for me but passing out samples to miners for confirmation of my testing results at first did absolutely no good whatsoever. As you're very likely aware, the vast majority of placer gold miners don't understand and don't have the experience necessary for the recovery of extreme fine gold. The main reason for this issue involves the fact that extreme fine gold in alluvial placers is very rare. Actually, it's probably not as rare as the miners that know how to recover it.
For the 4-TPI Sawtooth mat best results are obtained when screen to 1/4 or 1/8th minus, depending upon the lower limits on the size of your gold. Interestingly, the 1/8th screen size also happens to be the recommended screen for the Gold Cube and for miners using my 4-TPI Sawtooth mat in their Gold Cubes very quickly figured out that it resulted in significantly greater recovery for 100 mesh minus gold, the same gold mesh size as is commonly found on the gold beach sands of Oregon and Washington States. For a lot of gold beach placers screening is unnecessary because larger gravels are completely absent from the black mineral sands being processed. But to answer your question more completely, I'd recommend screening down to 3/32" for the 8-TPI and 1/16" for the 16-TPI Sawtooth mats if you're dealing with milled ores or mineral sand concentrates.
When it comes to extreme fine gold, the reason why screening is so important is because as the larger pebbles and rocks are traveling down the mat the eddies and jets surrounding and flowing around the tumbling pebbles or rocks scour much of the sequestered gold that was previously captured. Running gravel and rocks down a Sawtooth mat, given the very small geometry of the riffles, is like forcing a scrub brush down the mat with the bristles forced deeply into the crevices of the riffles. By not screening properly you'd force any captured gold right back up into the slurry with every passing pebble and a significant percentage of the gold will eventually travel to tails.
Properly screening down to 1/8th for the 4-TPI, or down to 1/16th for the 16-TPI, will allow the miner to reduce the flow (GPH) thru the sluice while maintaining adequate clearing of the Sawtooth riffles. The key concept involved in using a sluice for extreme fine gold recovery is "laminar flow." The better the miner is able to establish and maintain laminar flow as close as possible to the tips of the riffles the better the capture rate will be for extremely fine gold. Using the Sawtooth mat with a Gold Cube removes many of the variables that might otherwise result in increased turbulence and when used properly can help control other variables that optimize recovery. Is the Gold Cube with Sawtooth mat perfect for extreme fine gold recovery? Nope, not even close. But for the average gold miner dealing with extreme fine gold down to about 250 mesh it's a very easy to set up and run with reasonable recovery efficiencies.
For even finer gold between 250 and 400 mesh I don't as yet have adequate testing results to make any solid claims or recommendations. While I've seen the 4-TPI capture what appears to be reasonable amounts of 400 mesh minus gold, as to how efficient it might be I can't say without more testing and something to compare it to. I am hopeful that the 16-TPI Sawtooth mat will give me and my network of users more testing data to refine my recommendations and as reports come in I'll be posting those here along with any feedback and findings I might also receive.
For the simple 2D illustrations you see posted here I use Draftsight, a free open source program. Professionally I used AutoCad for 20 years then switched to Solidworks with Cosmos (finite element analysis) for another 10 years, although I haven't done anything close to mechanical engineering design for a decade or more.
dragline
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Re: Extruded EPDM 4-TPI Sawtooth Mat Redesign
dragline,
That's an amazing dissertation!
I'm all over and on top of what you are saying about screening and fine GOLD recovery. Your point is well taken.
I used AutoCAD since back in the DOS days. I like AutoCAD - I'm NOT happy with their subscription program - that's why I asked. I appreciate the information! Thanks!
- Geowizard
That's an amazing dissertation!
I'm all over and on top of what you are saying about screening and fine GOLD recovery. Your point is well taken.
I used AutoCAD since back in the DOS days. I like AutoCAD - I'm NOT happy with their subscription program - that's why I asked. I appreciate the information! Thanks!
- Geowizard
- Jim_Alaska
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Re: Extruded EPDM 4-TPI Sawtooth Mat Redesign
Dragline.
What a marvelous post on the necessity of proper screening. This should be a "must read" for every miner, especially new guys.
I have always observed the factors you describe, although not with anything down to the 100 mesh size. You are right on regarding the scouring that takes place when the material is not screened properly.
On my final clean-ups at home I always used those small, stacked, round screens and am fanatical about running each screen by itself, with a thorough cleanup of the matting after each screen. Most miners will not take the time required to do it this way, consequently they lose gold and most are not even aware of it.
Thank you for that detailed lesson on proper clean-up methods.
What a marvelous post on the necessity of proper screening. This should be a "must read" for every miner, especially new guys.
I have always observed the factors you describe, although not with anything down to the 100 mesh size. You are right on regarding the scouring that takes place when the material is not screened properly.
On my final clean-ups at home I always used those small, stacked, round screens and am fanatical about running each screen by itself, with a thorough cleanup of the matting after each screen. Most miners will not take the time required to do it this way, consequently they lose gold and most are not even aware of it.
Thank you for that detailed lesson on proper clean-up methods.
Jim_Alaska
Administrator
lindercroft@gmail.com
Administrator
lindercroft@gmail.com